Respiratory CAS Practice Exam

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• Beta hemolysis on blood agar is defined by which characteristic?
• Functional residual capacity decreases in which disease pattern?
• Which bug is associated with post-influenza pneumonia, lung abscess, and empyema?
• Which organism is described as Gram-positive diplococci with Lancet-shaped morphology?
• Antiphagocytic M protein?
• Bronchoalveolar lavage revealing leukocytes is most characteristic of which condition?
• Which option best defines panacinar emphysema distribution?
• Which organism is associated with young adults with cold agglutinins and no cell wall?
• Which organism can cause cold hemolytic anemia?
• CXR shows calcified bilateral pleural plaques. This finding is most strongly associated with exposure to which substance?
• Which statement differentiates panacinar from centriacinar?
• Nocardia and TB show in which staining technique?
• Which organism is commonly associated with waterborne outbreaks and grows on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar?
• Bronchoalveolar lavage findings of leukocytes support which diagnosis?
• Which organism is commonly isolated in pediatric CF airway infections?
• Hypertrophy of mucous-secreting glands is characteristic of which condition?
• Rhinovirus belongs to which virus family?
• Asbestosis classically affects which part of the lungs?
• Which enzyme resists host cell oxidation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
• Which organism is used to differentiate pneumococcus by optochin sensitivity?
• In cystic fibrosis, which organism is most notorious for forming biofilms in the airways?
• Which SpO2 value is used as the threshold for chronic oxygen therapy in emphysema per the material?
• Chronic bronchitis is most strongly associated with which feature?
• The Reid index is used in diagnosing which chronic lung condition?
• Why does Mycobacterium tuberculosis stain poorly with Gram stain?
• In tuberculosis, chest X-ray findings may include which of the following?
• What is the mechanism of action of Ribavirin?
• Airways are increasingly pulled open through radial traction on airway walls; this finding is most consistent with which broad category of disease?
• Which spirometry pattern represents obstructive disease?
• Which organism is associated with pneumonia following influenza?
• For aspiration pneumonia, which antibiotic combination is commonly prescribed?
• Antibiotics for Legionella include which?
• Nasal polyps in adults with asthma and NSAID sensitivity point to which condition?
• A child with recurrent sinus infections and bronchiectasis most likely has which syndrome?
• Which organism requires both factor V and factor X for growth?
• Which bacterium is characterized by a polysaccharide capsule and IgA protease as virulence factors?
• Exposure to asbestos is associated with which malignancies?
• Histamine, leukotrienes, and acetylcholine are involved in which airway response?
• Ribavirin is primarily used to treat which respiratory virus?
• In chronic hypoxemia, which two substances increase?
• Which medium is used to identify Legionella in the lab?
• No hemolysis on blood agar corresponds to which type?
• Cord factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is which molecule?
• Which factor causes lower-lobe emphysema?
• Situs inversus with chronic sinusitis and bronchiectasis characterizes which syndrome?
• Charcot-Leyden crystals are derived from which cells?
• Rinsing the mouth after using inhaled corticosteroids helps prevent which complication?
• In adults with cystic fibrosis, which bacterium is commonly isolated?
• +IgG Aspergillus serology in asthma or cystic fibrosis is most consistent with which condition?
• Currant jelly sputum is classically associated with infection by which organism?
• Which practice helps prevent oral candidiasis in patients using inhaled corticosteroids?
• Pathogens causing interstitial pneumonia are typically which category?
• Which organism lacks a cell wall?
• Charcot-Leyden crystals are associated with which type of airway inflammation?
• Which category of lung disease is characterized by reduced lung compliance and a stiff lung?
• In the early phase of histamine exposure, the primary effect on the airways is which of the following?
• Which bacterium is commonly isolated in the airways of children with cystic fibrosis?
• The genome type of Rhinovirus is
• React* TB on chest X-ray tends to show lesions in which region?
• Rhinovirus virion is best described as
• Alveolar capillaries dilate and bacterial exudate develops; this is which process?
• Formation of intra-alveolar hyaline membranes is associated with which syndrome?
• TB involvement of the spine is classically called
• Why are long-acting beta-agonists not used as monotherapy in asthma management?
• Which exposure is a classic cause of hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
• Functional residual capacity increases in which condition?
• Cystic fibrosis commonly causes male infertility due to which anatomical finding?
• Which factor causes upper-lobe emphysema?
• Which syndrome is defined by situs inversus and primary ciliary dyskinesia?
• If spirometry shows obstructive disease in smoker, what is the recommended step?
• Nasal polyps in adulthood are usually associated with which asthma subtype?
• Which pattern on DLCO and A-a gradient is typical of interstitial fibrosis?
• Mycoplasma does not gram stain well due to which characteristic?
• Which bug is linked to COPD, unvaccinated children, otitis media, meningitis?
• Residual volumes decrease in which condition?
• Sabouraud agar is best for growth of which group?
• Sleep apnea is defined as a reduction in airflow of what magnitude for at least 10 seconds?
• Which of the following describes the late phase histamine response?
• Partial hemolysis on blood agar corresponds to which type?
• Cystic fibrosis mutation involves which gene on which chromosome?
• In cystic fibrosis, chloride transport is abnormal, leading to chloride ions being trapped inside cells. Which statement is correct?
• Atopic asthma is predominantly which type of hypersensitivity?
• Which organism is linked to cold agglutinin hemolytic anemia?
• Streptococcus pyogenes expresses which antiphagocytic virulence factor?
• Which statement best defines miliary tuberculosis?
• Which agent is used to treat respiratory syncytial virus infection?
• Inhibits elongation factor-2 by ADP-ribosylation and is produced by Pseudomonas?
• Contaminated aerosolized water is a typical source of which organism?
• The initial focal lesion of primary tuberculosis in the lung is known as
• Adolescent males with recurrent nosebleeds most often have which condition?
• Foul-smelling sputum after aspiration is most commonly caused by which organisms?
• Which organism is the classic cause of whooping cough?
• The Ghon focus is a primary TB lesion located in which organ?
• Postinfluenza pneumonia is most commonly caused by which organism?
• Which cytokine is most associated with IgE production?
• Which virus is associated with owl eye intranuclear inclusions?
• Which glycolipid inhibits phago-lysosome fusion in Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
• In cystic fibrosis, administering saline to the nasal epithelium results in which change in transepithelial potential difference?
• Which organism is a common cause of pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patients?
• COPD with chronic hypoxemia may develop which condition?
• Aspergilloma most commonly develops in cavities created by which disease?
• CXR showing bilateral diffuse opacities is most consistent with which condition?
• Which finding is called a Curschmann spiral?
• A pus-filled cavity inside lung parenchyma is called what?
• Chronic hypoxemia and cyanosis increase the levels of which substances?
• Radiation exposure less than 12 weeks typically causes which lung condition?
• Which organism is an obligate aerobe and facultative intracellular pathogen?
• Which cytokine drives eosinophil recruitment?
• Which organism is optochin sensitive?
• Exudate of neutrophils and fibrin with dying RBCs describes which pneumonia stage?
• Nasal polyps in children most strongly suggest which condition?
• A Reid index greater than 50% is most characteristic of which condition?
• Which statement about emphysema types is true?
• Panacinar emphysema is associated with which condition?
• Gram-negative pneumonias can trigger severe sepsis primarily through which component?
• Which organism is the classic bug for lobar pneumonia?
• In restrictive disease, intrapleural pressure becomes more what?
• Chronic bronchitis causes which change in the bronchiolar epithelium?
• Pus in the pleural space is called which term?
• TB with fungus ball is called
• Which organism is commonly isolated in adult CF airway infections?
• Prolonged expiratory phase indicates which airway condition?
• In chronic CF lung infections, which organism is known for biofilm formation?
• Which exposures are classic causes of hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
• Which occupational lung disease is associated with carbon-laden macrophages (anthracosis)?
• Which bug is associated with adult cystic fibrosis, ventilators, burns, neutropenia?
• Which radiographic finding is most characteristic of asbestos exposure?
• Which endotoxin component is most responsible for systemic inflammatory response in Gram-negative pneumonia?
• Bordet-Gengou agar is used to isolate which organism?
• Which cytokine drives eosinophilic recruitment?
• FEV1/FVC ratio rises in which condition?
• Residual volumes increase in which condition?
• Induced IgE antibodies are associated with production of which cytokine?
• Growth on Lowenstein-Jensen agar is most characteristic of which organism?
• Frequent epistaxis in adolescent males is most characteristic of which condition?
• Which organism is commonly associated with airway infections in cystic fibrosis and forms robust biofilms?
• The bug most commonly associated with hyponatremia and GI symptoms is which?
• Pneumonia in transplant patients on immunosuppressants is most commonly caused by which organism?
• Which Reid index threshold is diagnostic for chronic bronchitis?
• Which spirometry pattern represents restrictive disease?
• Whorled mucus plugs with epithelial casts are known as which finding?
• Pancreatic enzyme replacement is indicated in which condition?
• Centriacinar emphysema is most characteristic of which pattern?
• Emphysema associated with liver issues is which subtype?
• Which lipid component constitutes the cord factor in Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
• Radiation exposure 6–12 months later is most often associated with which change?
• Chronic oxygen therapy is indicated for emphysema when resting SpO2 falls below which value?
• Destroys leukocytes and is linked to necrotizing skin and pulmonary infections?
• Blockade of cyclooxygenase by NSAIDs leads to increased production of which mediators?
• Which type of emphysema involves all parts of the acinus being damaged?
• Functional residual capacity decreases in which condition?
• Which antibiotic is appropriate for aspiration pneumonia?
• Which histological change is associated with chronic bronchitis?
• TB involvement of the heart leading to constrictive pathology is called
• A Ghon complex refers to which combination?
• Which medium is traditionally used to isolate Bordetella pertussis?
• Panacinar emphysema is linked to which?
• Inflammatory infiltrate limited to alveolar walls describes which type of pneumonia?
• Hematogenous spread of tuberculosis leads to which disseminated form?
• Centriacinar emphysema is most strongly associated with which pattern?
• Which compound in the cell wall contributes to acid-fast staining of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
• Survival in macrophages by blocking phagolysosome fusion?
• Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis should be distinguished from which forms of Aspergillus infection?
• Which description best defines panacinar emphysema?
• Silica exposure increases the risk of which infection due to macrophage dysfunction?
• Increased granulomatous burden causes difficulty in which of the following?
• Radiation exposure within less than 12 weeks commonly leads to which condition?
• Which organism is the classic cause of lobar pneumonia?
• Complete hemolysis on blood agar is called which type?
• Sabouraud agar is most appropriate for isolating which group?
• Fresh exudate of RBCs, neutrophils, and fibrin describes which pneumonia stage?
• Which condition presents many years after inhalation of occupational dusts?
• Which antibiotic class is commonly used to treat Legionella infections?
• Streptococcus pneumoniae has which virulence factors?
• Which organism causes otitis media and meningitis in unvaccinated children?
• In cystic fibrosis, chloride ions are transported in which direction relative to the cells in the GI tract and lungs?
• Lipid A, a component of LPS, is mainly responsible for which clinical effect?
• A chronic cough productive of sputum for more than three months is most characteristic of which condition?
• In alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, abnormal A1 aggregates accumulate in which cellular structure?
• Which reproductive structure is typically absent in males with cystic fibrosis, contributing to infertility?
• Which pattern shows patchy involvement of multiple lobes rather than a single consolidation?
• Which cancers are associated with asbestos exposure?
• Nasal polyps in pediatric patients should prompt consideration of which condition?
• In chronic bronchitis, the Reid index is greater than 0.4.
• A reduced FEV1/FVC ratio indicates which pattern of lung disease?
• Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar is used to culture which organism?
• Which statement best describes airway changes in chronic bronchitis?
• Latency is a hallmark feature of which occupational lung disease?
• Permanent airway dilation is characteristic of which condition?
• Which bacterium is associated with a polysaccharide capsule and IgA protease as virulence factors?